The Indian Constitution is shaped by various historical influences and foundational principles. From ancient traditions and colonial legacies to global democratic ideals, these sources form the bedrock of India’s legal and political framework. This article explores the key sources that have contributed to the creation and ongoing guidance of the Indian Constitution.

Sources

Features Borrowed

Government of India Act 1935

Federal Scheme, Office of governor, Judiciary, Public Service Commissions, Emergency provisions and administrative details.

British Constitution

Parliamentary government, Rule of Law, legislative procedure, single citizenship, cabinet system,prerogative writs, parliamentary privileges, and bicameralism.

US Constitution

Fundamental rights, Preamble, independence of judiciary, Judicial review, impeachment of the president,removal of Supreme Court and high court judges, and the post of vice-president,  

Irish Constitution

Directive Principles of State Policy, nomination of members to Rajya Sabha, and the method of election of the president.

Canadian Constitution

Federation with a strong Centre, vesting of residuary powers in the Centre, appointment of state governors by the Centre, and advisory jurisdiction of the Supreme Court.

Australian Constitution

Concurrent list, freedom of trade, commerce and intercourse, and Joint sitting of the two Houses of Parliament.

Weimar Constitution (Germany)

Emergency provisions relating to the suspension of Fundamental Rights.

Soviet Constitution (USSR)

Fundamental duties and the Ideal of justice (social, economic, and political) in the Preamble. Five year plans.

French Constitution

Republic and the ideals of liberty, equality, and fraternity in the Preamble.

South African Constitution

Procedure for the amendment of the Constitution and election of members of Rajya Sabha.

Japanese Constitution

Procedure established by law.